+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GLOBAL LEGAL BENCHMARKS | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | EUROPEAN UNION • Article 13 of the Lisbon Treaty recognizes | | animals as "sentient beings." | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | UNITED STATES • Animal Welfare Act (AWA) regulates labs/zoos | | but explicitly excludes farm animals. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | STRATEGIC LITIGATION • Nonhuman Rights Project uses Habeas Corpus | | to seek legal personhood for apes/elephants. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The Push for Constitutional Rights
Ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering. Animal Rights: Total Liberation
+-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | ETHICAL APPROACHES | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ | ANIMAL WELFARE | ANIMAL RIGHTS | | - Regulates animal use | - Abolishes animal use | | - Focuses on humane treatment | - Focuses on moral status | | - Minimizes pain/suffering | - Opposes exploitation | +-----------------------------------------------------------------+ Animal Welfare: The Pragmatic Framework