S&W frequently restarted numbering at 1 for completely new models, meaning different models from this era can share the exact same serial number. 2. The Golden Era & Pre-Model Number Era (1899–1980)
Taken directly from the frame butt (not the crane). smith and wesson revolver serial numbers database
Check the cylinder and barrel flat for matching "3156XX". S&W frequently restarted numbering at 1 for completely
Some early antique models may have the number on the rear cylinder face, the barrel flat, or the rear of the extractor star. the barrel flat