A warning regarding the lack of transparency in certain commercial software algorithms.
: The text argues that software isn't just computer code but includes any tool not related to a physical device, such as published tests and questionnaires . the software tools of research ielts reading answers 2021
Cloud-based research tools are more expensive to maintain than localized university servers. Answer: NOT GIVEN (The text mentions the shift to the cloud but does not compare the financial maintenance costs.) A warning regarding the lack of transparency in