Yes, but with significant caveats. The original Free60 project used a modified King Kong disc as a bootloader for Linux, and later there were experimental Gentoo and Debian LiveCDs. However, support is limited: audio drivers are lacking (requiring a USB sound device), 3D acceleration is only partially functional, and the process is cumbersome. For most users, the novelty outweighs the practicality.
Historically, deploying the boot disk involved a precise sequence of actions: Xbox 360 boot disk v2.4
Understanding how the Xbox 360 boot disk v2.4 operates requires a dive into how Microsoft protected its optical media, how firmware engineers bypassed it, and how enthusiasts still use these retro tools today. The Evolution of Xbox 360 Disc Security Yes, but with significant caveats