The analysis yields Bending Moment ($M$), Shear Force ($V$), and Axial Force ($N$) diagrams.
For exposure class 2 (buried), maximum spacing ( s \le \frac380f_s – 2.5 c_c ) With ( f_s = 0.6 f_y = 300 , \textMPa ), ( c_c = 40 , \textmm ) → ( s \le 380/300 – 100 = 1.27 – 100 ) → No, recalc: [ s \le \frac380\textfactor – 2.5 c_c ] Actually correct formula: ( s \le \frac380 \times 280f_s – 2.5 c_c ) (if using ksi conversion, but metric): Simplified: spacing = 130 mm < 180 mm → OK. box culvert design calculations pdf
The output of the analysis is used to size the reinforcement. The analysis yields Bending Moment ($M$), Shear Force